The Swiss are voting on Sunday in a crucial on limiting the population to 10 million, with a focus on immigration.

The citizens of Switzerland are being asked to decide whether they want to set a cap on the country’s population, in a referendum taking place amid a highly polarized climate. The proposal stipulates that the number of residents should not exceed 10 million by 2050.

The initiative is supported by the Swiss People’s Party, which describes the plan as a “sustainability initiative,” arguing that it will reduce pressure on housing, public services, and the environment.

The 10-million proposal – What the plan entails in Switzerland

The Swiss government, most political parties, the employers’ organizations and the unions reject the proposal, calling it an “initiative of chaos.” They argue that its potential implementation would deprive sectors such as healthcare and tourism of critical labor force, while straining the country’s relations with the European Union.

The country’s population has grown significantly in recent years, from 7.3 million in 2002 to approximately 9.1 million today. At the same time, 27% of residents were born abroad, a fact that fuels public debate surrounding immigration.

Many citizens express concerns about overcrowding in transportation, the high cost of housing, and rising healthcare costs.

According to the proposal, the government should take action when the population reaches 9.5 million residents. Among the measures envisaged are limiting asylum seekers and abolishing family reunification for foreign workers.

If the 10-million cap is approved, Switzerland will be forced to review or even terminate international agreements, including the free movement of persons with the European Union.

A divided society, a battle down to the last vote

The latest polls show that the outcome remains too close to call. Approximately 52% of voters oppose the proposal, while 45% support it, with a significant percentage remaining undecided.

A telling example of this division is the clash between the 29-year-old Swiss People’s Party MP, Nils Fichter, and the 31-year-old municipal councilor for the Social Democrats, Helin Genis. Although both come from immigrant families, they hold diametrically opposed views.

Fichter argues that uncontrolled immigration is responsible for the housing shortage, traffic congestion, and the strain on schools and social services. For her part, Genis rejects this approach, arguing that the problems stem from policy decisions rather than immigrants.

One of the key questions on the minds of the undecided is how such a population cap would be implemented. This is an unprecedented measure at the national level, as no country has implemented a similar mechanism to limit its total population. The only comparable case remains the former one-child policy in China, which aimed to slow population growth and has now been abandoned.